UDC

[612.825.1:577.352.5]-57.045:57.017.64

Authors

Dzhos Yuliya Sergeevna, Institute of Medical and Biological Research, Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov (Arkhangelsk, Russia)

Abstract

The paper presents the results of the studies into the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the electroencephalogram (EEG) in 42 schoolchildren aged 13-14 years (21 boys and 21 girls) during the periods of increasing, maximum, decreasing and minimum daylight duration. Brain activity was recorded in 16 standard leads using the multifunctional digital system Neuron-Specrum-4/EPM. The article shows the dynamics of key EEG rhythms and determines their correlation with daylight periods. We found prevalence of spectral characteristics during spring and autumn. This dynamics is typical of all frequency ranges but is more pronounced in the theta band in spring and autumn and beta1 band in spring. The maximum amplitude and the total power of theta band oscillations were increasing in the frontal (p ≤ 0.004), central (p ≤ 0.004) and temporal (p ≤ 0.008) areas of the left hemisphere both in the period of increasing and in the period of decreasing daylight duration. Amplification of the spectral characteristics of high-frequency beta1 oscillations was detected in the temporal (p ≤ 0.005), frontal (p ≤ 0.005), central (p ≤ 0.005) and parietal (p ≤ 0.002) areas of the brain during the period of increasing daylight duration. We found that adaptive changes in the brain bioelectrical activity occur during the transitional photoperiods of the year, i.e. during the periods of increasing and decreasing daylight duration. The study revealed that in winter and summer the spectral parameters of theta and beta1 bands in middle school-age children are decreasing, which results in greater emotional stability and better cognitive performance. Thus, these seasons are the most favourable ones for the functioning of the brain.

Keywords

schoolchildren in the North, photoperiodism, electroencephalogram, spectral analysis.

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