UDC

612.176.2

Authors

Mamonovа Svetlana Borisovna
Postgraduate Student, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod
23 prosp. Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation;
e-mail: ya-sveta-mamonova@ya.ru
Saburtsev Sergey Aleksandrovich
Arzamas Branch of Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod
36 Karla Marksa St., Arzamas, 607220, Russian Federation;
e-mail: saburtsev@mail.ru
Krylov Vasily Nikolaevich
Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod
23 prosp. Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation;
e-mail: kfg@bio.unn.ru

Abstract

This paper presents anatomic and physiological characteristics of schoolchildren with deforming diseases of the musculoskeletal system. It evaluates some of the anthropometric parameters in prepubescent and pubertal schoolchildren with scoliosis and flat feet. We established a cause-and-effect relationship between the development of deforming diseases of the musculoskeletal system and weight deficit in children. Asthenic constitution in schoolchildren acts as a predisposing factor leading to spinal deformity and flat feet. These constitutional characteristics must be considered when determining a risk group of children with low fat, muscle and bone mass. In this paper, we evaluated the functional state of the cardiovascular system and regulation mechanisms according to 16 indicators of heart rate variability. We found decentralization of the autonomic balance; however, these data are not manifested but masked by the compensation abilities of the child’s body. At the age of 7–12 years, the revealed changes in the regulatory mechanisms towards predominance of fast regulation indicate activation of autonomous control levels and of the subcortical cardiovascular centre. Since 13 years of age, with the development of flat feet, schoolchildren showed changes in the regulatory mechanisms towards medium and slow regulation, which is manifested by the activation of the central control level accompanied by increased sympathetic activity, decreased activity of centres of metabolic energy exchange, and increased strain on the regulatory systems. The seemingly problem-free state of health in pubertal children with flat feet is provided by the strain on adaptive and compensatory mechanisms. Cardiointervalography can be used as a method of preclinical diagnosis for early detection of diseases, as well as for prognostic and therapeutic purposes.

Keywords

deforming diseases of the musculoskeletal system, scoliosis, flat feet, physical development, heart rate variability, autonomic nervous system

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