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Oxytocin: Synthesis, Release, Metabolism and the Regulation of These Processes (Review). P. 270–283

Версия для печати

Section: Physiology

UDC

612.1/.8

Authors

Viktor I. Tsirkin*/**, Svetlana I. Trukhina*, Andrey N. Trukhin*
*Vyatka State University (Kirov, Russian Federation)
**Kazan State Medical University (Kazan, Russian Federation)
Corresponding author: Viktor Tsirkin, address: ul. Moskovskaya 36, Kirov, 610000, Russian Federation; e-mail: tsirkin@list.ru

Abstract

Contemporary scientists have reported new findings on the physiological effects of oxytocin, its role in the development of the “social brain” and in the formation of prosocial behaviour, as well as on the contribution of oxytocin deficit to the pathogenesis of autism, schizophrenia, anxiety, and other syndromes. This article presents data on the synthesis of oxytocin in the central nervous system and beyond, including the male and female reproductive systems as well as the cardiovascular and digestive systems. Further, it generalizes the findings about the regulation of the synthesis of oxytocin in the central nervous system and on the periphery, including the role of oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone, glucocorticoids, and tri- and tetraiodothyronines. Further, the paper covers the data on the regulation of oxytocin release in the central nervous system, in particular, the key role in this process of such proteins as CD38/ADP-ribosyl cyclase and CD157, which are involved in the formation of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR). Serving as a secondary mediator, cADPR promotes the activation of a TRPM2 Ca channel (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2), or melastatin-related channel, which contributes to the release of Ca2+ ions from the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby inducing the release of oxytocin. Deficiency of CD38, CD157 and TRPM2 proteins is, probably, related to the formation of autism and other mental disorders. It is reported that oxytocin release in neurons of the central nervous system is inhibited by glucocorticoids, catecholamines (at beta-adrenoceptor activation), nitric oxide, GABA, and testosterone and increases under the influence of oestrogens, serotonin, oxytocin (autoregulation) and the ecstasy drug. In addition, data are provided on the metabolism of oxytocin, including the role of oxytocinase in this process.

Keywords

oxytocin, oestrogens, progesterone, testosterone, glucocorticoids, cyclic ADP-ribose, CD38/ADP-ribosyl cyclase, CD157
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